Obesity
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/1/23811041/8955697.jpg)
Obesity is one of the biggest problems we as Americans struggle with. Obesity is a condition where you are overweight. According to the BBC http://www.bbc.com/news/health-25576400 70% of adults in north America are overweight or obese this is a problem because it is leading to shorter and more complicated lives for Americans. Not to mention how it effects our kids. American kids are becoming more overweight day by day leading to early heart problems, stroke, and Diabetes.
Why It Matters?
Obesity Matters! Obesity can shorten your life expectancy! Moderate obesity can lead to up to 3 years of your life being taken away. However Severe obesity can take as much as 10 years of your life away from you. Other problems obesity can cause are increase's in heart disease, stroke, cancer, ETC. In addition obesity can cause depression and social disorders. Other reasons we need to do something is because Obesity is doubling and even tripling in numbers. Childhood obesity has even doubled in the past 30 years. If society stays on this rate the majority of people will be obese.
Why is this happening?
I believe that one of the biggest causes of obesity is due to media acceptance of obesity. When the media starts to accept obesity and portray it as a regular thing people start to consider it normal. This causes less actions to be taken to fix obesity! Things such as Honey Boo Boo or Fat Barbie Dolls cause an acceptance to obesity. Another reason our society has increased in obesity is the increase of fast food restaurants. With fast food becoming cheaper and cheaper it is easier and cost efficient to buy fast food. These are a few reasons why our society is becoming more obese by the day.
Why Obesity Matters to Me and My Plan to Fix It.
Why does obesity matter to me? Obesity matters to me because for the majority of my life i had been overweight. Last year i was 5,9 and 170lbs. I felt fat and helpless. I knew what it felt like to be bigger. However, i didn't let the media persuade me it was ok to be overweight. I took it on myself to fix it and I did. I started eating healthy and exercising daily. By the end of summer i had gone from 170lbs to 145lbs. I found that eating healthy and exercising made the difference and i believe that the whole world is capable of doing this. With simple day to day tips I have developed. My plan is to make a pledge were everyone who accepts the pledge promises to eat only lean meats during the weekend and run for 30 minutes a day. I had lost my weight by only eating lean meats such as chicken, fish and turkey. By taking two days out of your week to eat these foods i believe that we can make a dent in obesity. I believe it will improve everyone's life by giving them good self confidence and lowering the chances of them getting depression.
Sources
http://www.obesitycampaign.org/obesity_facts.asp
Obesity's
Impact on Communities of Need
-Blacks, Hispanics and Native people are much more likely to be obese than
whites, according to data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.15
-Low-income people are less likely to have access to
recreation and fitness facilities, and more than 38 percent of low-income people
have limited access to healthy
foods.16
Obesity's
Impact on the Workforce
-Full-time workers in the U.S. who are overweight or obese and have other
chronic health conditions miss an estimated 450 million additional days of work
each year compared with healthy workers-- resulting in an estimated cost of
more than $153 billion in lost productivity annually, according to a 2011
Gallup Poll.13
-Medical expenses for obese employees are 42
percent than for a person with a healthy weight, according to the Centers for
Disease Control.14
The
Economic Impact of Obesity
-In 2010, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office reported that nearly 20
percent of the increase in U.S. health care spending (from 1987-2007) was
caused by obesity.9
- Annual health costs related to obesity in
the U.S. is nearly $200 billion, and nearly 21 percent of medical costs in the
U.S. can be attributed to obesity.10
-Researchers estimate that if
obesity trends continue, obesity related medical costs, alone, could rise by $43
to $66 billion each year in the United States by 2030.11
-Per
capita medical spending is $2,741 higher for people with obesity than for normal
weight individuals.12
Obesity's
Impact on America's Health
-Obesity is linked to more than 60 chronic diseases.5
-According
to the American Cancer Society, 572,000 Americans die of cancer each year, about
one-third of these cancer deaths are linked to excess body weight, poor
nutrition and/or physical inactivity.6
-Over 75 percent of
hypertension cases are directly linked to obesity.7
-Approximately
two-thirds of U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes are overweight or have
obesity.8
America's
Obesity Epidemic
-Today two-thirds of adults and nearly one-third of children struggle with
overweight and obesity.1
-If obesity rates stay consistent, by
2030, 51 percent of the population will be obese by 2030.2
-Twenty
years ago, no state had an obesity rate above 15 percent. Today there are 41
states with obesity rates over 25 percent, according to the Trust for American's
Health.3
-Since 1980, the rate of obesity in children and
adolescents has almost tripled.4
Obesity's
Impact on Communities of Need
-Blacks, Hispanics and Native people are much more likely to be obese than
whites, according to data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.15
-Low-income people are less likely to have access to
recreation and fitness facilities, and more than 38 percent of low-income people
have limited access to healthy foods.16
Obesity
and Physical Activity
-Less than 15 percent of school-aged children walk or bike to school today,
compared to 48 percent that did in 1969, according to the Safe Routes to School
Partnership.17
-Only 4 percent of elementary schools, 8 percent
of middle schools and 2 percent of high schools provide daily physical education
for all students.18
-Approximately 50 percent of U.S. adults and
65 percent of adolescents do not currently get the recommended amount of daily
physical activity.19
Obesity and
Nutrition
-In total, Americans now consume 31 percent more calories
today than they did 40 years ago.20
-According to the United
States Department of Agriculture, healthier diets could prevent at least $71
billion per year in medical costs, lost productivity and lost
lives.21
1
NIDDK: Weight-control Information Network
2 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2012
3 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2013
4 CDC: Obesity Rates Among Children in the United
States
5 Campaign to End Obesity: Dr. Lee Kaplan at
Preventing and Treating Obesity in the Primary Care Setting 2013 Workshop
6 American Cancer Society: Diet and Physical Activity: What's the
Cancer Connection?
7 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2013: Fast Facts
8 ObesityAmerica.org: Understanding Obesity: Obesity-Related
Diseases
9 CBO: How does Obesity in Adults Affect Spending on Health
Care?
10 Campaign to End Obesity: Long Term Returns of Obesity Prevention
Policies
11 Harvard School of Public Health: Obesity Prevention
Source
12 The Medical Care Cost of Obesity: An Instrumental Variables
Approach
13 Gallup: Unhealthy US Workers' Absenteeism Costs $153
Billion
14 CDC: A Workplace Obesity Prevention Program
15 HHS: Office of Minority Health: Obesity
Statistics
16 Campaign to End Obesity: New Markets Tax Credit: Opportunities
for Investment in Healthy Foods and Physical Activity
17 Safe Routes to School Partnership: The Decline of Walking and
Biking
18 Let's Move: New Program Will Help Bring Physical Activity Back
to Schools
19 American Heart Association: Unlocking School Playgrounds and Gym
Encourages Physical Activity
20 Let's Move: Learn the Facts
21 Center for Science in the Public Interest: Why Good Nutrition is
Important
http://fasinfat.org/facts-on-obesity-and-health/
.More than 25 million adult Americans have diabetes.1
. Approximately 215,000 individuals under the age of 20 have diabetes
and two million adolescents ages 12 to 19 have
pre-diabetes
. Compared with non-Hispanic white adults, the risk of diagnosed
diabetes is 18 percent higher among Asian Americans, 66 percent higher among
Hispanics/Latinos, and 77 percent higher among non-Hispanic
blacks
.Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States
and accounts for $245 billion in total U.S. healthcare costs
annually.6,7 Diabetes accounts for more than one in five U.S. healthcare dollars,
and healthcare costs for individuals with diagnosed diabetes are approximately
2.3 times higher than costs for those without
diabetes.
. Obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30) are 83 percent more likely to develop
kidney disease than normal-weight individuals (18.5 < BMI < 25), while
overweight individuals (25 < BMI < 30) are 40 percent more likely to
develop kidney disease.
. In the United States, an estimated 24.2 percent of kidney disease
cases among men and 33.9 percent of cases among women are related to overweight
and obesity.
. Obese individuals are at greater risk of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver disease which can lead to cirrhosis, in which
the liver is permanently damaged and no longer able to work properly. NASH is
one of the major causes of cirrhosis in America, behind only hepatitis C and
alcoholic liver disease.
.obesity is a known risk factor for the development and progression of
osteoarthritis of the knee and possibly of other joints. Obese adults are up to
four times more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee than healthy-weight
adults.
. 68.8 percent of individuals diagnosed with arthritis are overweight
or obese.
. For every pound of body weight lost, there is a 4 percent reduction
in knee joint stress among overweight and obese people with osteoarthritis of
the knee
§
. More than one third of children and adolescents are overweight or
obese.31
§
The number of fat cells a person has is determined by late
adolescence; although overweight and obese children can lose weight, they do not
lose the extra fat cells.32
§
Obese adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. A
retrospective study found that as BMI increased in adolescence the probability
of obesity as an adult significantly increased as well. Obese male youths were
18 times more likely to become obese adults and obese female youths were 49
times more likely to become obese adults.33 About 70 percent of obese youths have at least one additional risk
factor for cardiovascular disease, such as elevated total cholesterol,
triglycerides, insulin or blood pressure.34 Nearly 40 percent have two or more additional risk
factors.35
§
At least one out of every five U.S. teenagers has abnormal cholesterol
levels, a major risk factor for heart disease.36 Among obese teenagers, the rate jumped to more than two out of five
(43 percent.)37
§
Overweight and obesity are associated with a 52 percent increased risk
of a new diagnosis of asthma among children and adolescents.38 The majority of studies included in a systematic review of the
relationship between obesity and asthma from 1966 through 2011 support a
positive association between obesity and asthma in children. The review found
that gender was the most prominent effect modifier, with obese girls more likely
to have asthma diagnoses than obese boys.39
§
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
3 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
(2010). Number of Americans with diabetes projected to double or triple by
2050. [Press Release] (accessed March
2011).
§
4 Total Prevalence of Diabetes &
Prediabetes. In American Diabetes
Association(accessed April 2008).
§
5 Total Prevalence of Diabetes &
Prediabetes. In American Diabetes
Association(accessed April 2008).
§
6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
7American Diabetes Association. Economic Costs of
Diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care, 36: 1033-1046,
2013.
§
8 Do You Know the Health Risks of Being
Overweight? In National Institutes of Diabetes
and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (accessed April
2007).
§
9 The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The
Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care, 25(12): 2165-71,
2002.
§
10American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke
Statistics - 2006 Update. Dallas: American Heart Association,
2006.
§
11 Obesity Facts and Resources.
In Campaign to End Obesity (accessed September
2013).
§
12 Hoyert DL and Xu J. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011.
National Vital Statistics Reports, 61(6),
2012.
§
13 What are the Health Risks of Overweight and
Obesity? In National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute (accessed May 14, 2010).
§
14 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office
of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Physical Activity and Fitness - Improving Health,
Fitness, and Quality of Life through Daily Physical Activity. Prevention Report, 16(4): 1-15, 2002 (accessed May
2008).
§
15Kochanek KD, Xu J, Murphy SL, et al. Deaths:
Preliminary Data for 2009. National Vital Statistics Reports, 59(4),
2011.
§
16 Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ.
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort
of U.S. Adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(17): 1625-38,
2003.
§
17 Physical Activity and Cancer.
In National Cancer Institute (accessed April
2013).
§
18Friednenreich, CM et al. Inflammatory marker changes in
a yearlong randomized exercise intervention trial among postmenopausal women.
Cancer Prevention Research, 5(1): 98-108,
2012.
§
19 Beydoun et al. Obesity and Central Obesity as Risk
Factors for Incident Dementia and Its Subtypes: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis. Obesity Reviews, 9(3): 204-218,
2008.
§
20 Xu WL, Atti AR, Gatz M, et al. Midlife overweight and
obesity increases late-life dementia risk: A population-based twin study.
Neurology, 76(18): 1568-1574, 2011.
§
21 Petry NM, Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Wagner JA. Overweight
and Obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom
Med,70:288-97, 2008.
§
22 Petry NM, Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Wagner JA. Overweight
and Obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom
Med,70:288-97, 2008.
§
23 Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B, Cheskin LJ.
Association between Obesity and Kidney Disease. Kidney International, 73:
19-33, 2008.
§
24 Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B, Cheskin LJ.
Association between Obesity and Kidney Disease. Kidney International, 73:
19-33, 2008.
§
25 Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.
In National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)
(accessed March 2010).
§
26 Felson DT and Zhang Y. An Update on the Epidemiology
of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis with a View to Prevention. Arthritis and
Rheumatism, 41(8):1343-55, 1998.
§
27 NHIS Arthritis Surveillance.
In U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (accessed June
2008).
§
28 Messier SP, Gutekunst DJ, Davis C, deVita P. Weight
loss reduces knee-joint loads in overweight and obese older adults with knee
osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 52(7): 2026-32,
2005.
§
29 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
State-specific prevalence of no leisure time physical activity among adults with
and without doctor-diagnosed arthritis. MMWR, 60(48): 1641-1645,
2011.
§
30 Crum-Cianflone NF, Roediger M, Eberly LE, et al.
Obesity among HIV-infected Persons: Impact of Weight on CD4 Cell Count.
AIDS (epub ahead of print): 2010.
§
31 Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of
obesity and trends in body mass index among us children and adolescents,
1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5):483-490,
2012.
§
32Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, et al. Dynamics of
Fat Cell Turnover in Humans. Nature, 453(7196): 783-7,
2008.
§
33 Wang LY, Chyen D, Lee S, et al. The Association
Between Body Mass Index in Adolescence and Obesity in Adulthood. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 42(5): 512-518, 2008.
§
34Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz
WH. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Excess Adiposity among Overweight Children
and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1):
12-17, 2007.
§
35Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz
WH. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Excess Adiposity among Overweight Children
and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1):
12-17, 2007.
§
36 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Levels Among Youths - United States, 1999-2006.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(2): 29-33,
2010.
§
37 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Levels Among Youths - United States, 1999-2006.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(2): 29-33,
2010.
§
38Gilliland F, Berhane K, Islam t, et al. Obesity and the
Risk of Newly Diagnosed Asthma in School-Age Children. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 158(5): 406-15, 2003.
§
39 Liu PC, Kieckhefer GM, Gau BS. A systematic review of
the association between obesity and asthma in children. J Adv Nurs, doi:
10.1111/jan.12129, 2013.
§
40 Redline S, Tishler P, Schluchter M, et al. Risk
Factors for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Associations with Obesity,
Race and Respiratory Problems. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical
Care Medicine, 159(5): 1527-32, 1999.
§
41 Trust for America's Health. Healthy Women: The Path
to Healthy Babies: The Case for Preconception Care. Washington, D.C.: TFAH,
2008.
§
42 Maternal and Infant Health Research: Pregnancy
Complications. In U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (accessed March 2011).
§
43 Haeri S, Guichard I, Baker AM, et al. The Effect of
Teenage Maternal Obesity on Perinatal Outcomes. Obstetrics &
Gynecology, 113(2): 300-4, 2009.
§
44 Chu SY, Bachman DJ, Callaghan WM, et al. Association
Between Obesity During Pregnancy and Increased Use of Healthcare. New England
Journal of Medicine, 358(14): 1444-53,
2008.
§
45 Chu SY, Bachman DJ, Callaghan WM, et al. Association
Between Obesity During Pregnancy and Increased Use of Healthcare. New England
Journal of Medicine, 358(14): 1444-53,
2008.
§
Obesity's
Impact on Communities of Need
-Blacks, Hispanics and Native people are much more likely to be obese than
whites, according to data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.15
-Low-income people are less likely to have access to
recreation and fitness facilities, and more than 38 percent of low-income people
have limited access to healthy
foods.16
Obesity's
Impact on the Workforce
-Full-time workers in the U.S. who are overweight or obese and have other
chronic health conditions miss an estimated 450 million additional days of work
each year compared with healthy workers-- resulting in an estimated cost of
more than $153 billion in lost productivity annually, according to a 2011
Gallup Poll.13
-Medical expenses for obese employees are 42
percent than for a person with a healthy weight, according to the Centers for
Disease Control.14
The
Economic Impact of Obesity
-In 2010, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office reported that nearly 20
percent of the increase in U.S. health care spending (from 1987-2007) was
caused by obesity.9
- Annual health costs related to obesity in
the U.S. is nearly $200 billion, and nearly 21 percent of medical costs in the
U.S. can be attributed to obesity.10
-Researchers estimate that if
obesity trends continue, obesity related medical costs, alone, could rise by $43
to $66 billion each year in the United States by 2030.11
-Per
capita medical spending is $2,741 higher for people with obesity than for normal
weight individuals.12
Obesity's
Impact on America's Health
-Obesity is linked to more than 60 chronic diseases.5
-According
to the American Cancer Society, 572,000 Americans die of cancer each year, about
one-third of these cancer deaths are linked to excess body weight, poor
nutrition and/or physical inactivity.6
-Over 75 percent of
hypertension cases are directly linked to obesity.7
-Approximately
two-thirds of U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes are overweight or have
obesity.8
America's
Obesity Epidemic
-Today two-thirds of adults and nearly one-third of children struggle with
overweight and obesity.1
-If obesity rates stay consistent, by
2030, 51 percent of the population will be obese by 2030.2
-Twenty
years ago, no state had an obesity rate above 15 percent. Today there are 41
states with obesity rates over 25 percent, according to the Trust for American's
Health.3
-Since 1980, the rate of obesity in children and
adolescents has almost tripled.4
Obesity's
Impact on Communities of Need
-Blacks, Hispanics and Native people are much more likely to be obese than
whites, according to data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.15
-Low-income people are less likely to have access to
recreation and fitness facilities, and more than 38 percent of low-income people
have limited access to healthy foods.16
Obesity
and Physical Activity
-Less than 15 percent of school-aged children walk or bike to school today,
compared to 48 percent that did in 1969, according to the Safe Routes to School
Partnership.17
-Only 4 percent of elementary schools, 8 percent
of middle schools and 2 percent of high schools provide daily physical education
for all students.18
-Approximately 50 percent of U.S. adults and
65 percent of adolescents do not currently get the recommended amount of daily
physical activity.19
Obesity and
Nutrition
-In total, Americans now consume 31 percent more calories
today than they did 40 years ago.20
-According to the United
States Department of Agriculture, healthier diets could prevent at least $71
billion per year in medical costs, lost productivity and lost
lives.21
1
NIDDK: Weight-control Information Network
2 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2012
3 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2013
4 CDC: Obesity Rates Among Children in the United
States
5 Campaign to End Obesity: Dr. Lee Kaplan at
Preventing and Treating Obesity in the Primary Care Setting 2013 Workshop
6 American Cancer Society: Diet and Physical Activity: What's the
Cancer Connection?
7 Trust for America's Health: F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens
America's Future 2013: Fast Facts
8 ObesityAmerica.org: Understanding Obesity: Obesity-Related
Diseases
9 CBO: How does Obesity in Adults Affect Spending on Health
Care?
10 Campaign to End Obesity: Long Term Returns of Obesity Prevention
Policies
11 Harvard School of Public Health: Obesity Prevention
Source
12 The Medical Care Cost of Obesity: An Instrumental Variables
Approach
13 Gallup: Unhealthy US Workers' Absenteeism Costs $153
Billion
14 CDC: A Workplace Obesity Prevention Program
15 HHS: Office of Minority Health: Obesity
Statistics
16 Campaign to End Obesity: New Markets Tax Credit: Opportunities
for Investment in Healthy Foods and Physical Activity
17 Safe Routes to School Partnership: The Decline of Walking and
Biking
18 Let's Move: New Program Will Help Bring Physical Activity Back
to Schools
19 American Heart Association: Unlocking School Playgrounds and Gym
Encourages Physical Activity
20 Let's Move: Learn the Facts
21 Center for Science in the Public Interest: Why Good Nutrition is
Important
http://fasinfat.org/facts-on-obesity-and-health/
.More than 25 million adult Americans have diabetes.1
. Approximately 215,000 individuals under the age of 20 have diabetes
and two million adolescents ages 12 to 19 have
pre-diabetes
. Compared with non-Hispanic white adults, the risk of diagnosed
diabetes is 18 percent higher among Asian Americans, 66 percent higher among
Hispanics/Latinos, and 77 percent higher among non-Hispanic
blacks
.Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States
and accounts for $245 billion in total U.S. healthcare costs
annually.6,7 Diabetes accounts for more than one in five U.S. healthcare dollars,
and healthcare costs for individuals with diagnosed diabetes are approximately
2.3 times higher than costs for those without
diabetes.
. Obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30) are 83 percent more likely to develop
kidney disease than normal-weight individuals (18.5 < BMI < 25), while
overweight individuals (25 < BMI < 30) are 40 percent more likely to
develop kidney disease.
. In the United States, an estimated 24.2 percent of kidney disease
cases among men and 33.9 percent of cases among women are related to overweight
and obesity.
. Obese individuals are at greater risk of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver disease which can lead to cirrhosis, in which
the liver is permanently damaged and no longer able to work properly. NASH is
one of the major causes of cirrhosis in America, behind only hepatitis C and
alcoholic liver disease.
.obesity is a known risk factor for the development and progression of
osteoarthritis of the knee and possibly of other joints. Obese adults are up to
four times more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee than healthy-weight
adults.
. 68.8 percent of individuals diagnosed with arthritis are overweight
or obese.
. For every pound of body weight lost, there is a 4 percent reduction
in knee joint stress among overweight and obese people with osteoarthritis of
the knee
§
. More than one third of children and adolescents are overweight or
obese.31
§
The number of fat cells a person has is determined by late
adolescence; although overweight and obese children can lose weight, they do not
lose the extra fat cells.32
§
Obese adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. A
retrospective study found that as BMI increased in adolescence the probability
of obesity as an adult significantly increased as well. Obese male youths were
18 times more likely to become obese adults and obese female youths were 49
times more likely to become obese adults.33 About 70 percent of obese youths have at least one additional risk
factor for cardiovascular disease, such as elevated total cholesterol,
triglycerides, insulin or blood pressure.34 Nearly 40 percent have two or more additional risk
factors.35
§
At least one out of every five U.S. teenagers has abnormal cholesterol
levels, a major risk factor for heart disease.36 Among obese teenagers, the rate jumped to more than two out of five
(43 percent.)37
§
Overweight and obesity are associated with a 52 percent increased risk
of a new diagnosis of asthma among children and adolescents.38 The majority of studies included in a systematic review of the
relationship between obesity and asthma from 1966 through 2011 support a
positive association between obesity and asthma in children. The review found
that gender was the most prominent effect modifier, with obese girls more likely
to have asthma diagnoses than obese boys.39
§
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
3 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
(2010). Number of Americans with diabetes projected to double or triple by
2050. [Press Release] (accessed March
2011).
§
4 Total Prevalence of Diabetes &
Prediabetes. In American Diabetes
Association(accessed April 2008).
§
5 Total Prevalence of Diabetes &
Prediabetes. In American Diabetes
Association(accessed April 2008).
§
6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National
diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and
prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2011.
§
7American Diabetes Association. Economic Costs of
Diabetes in the U.S. in 2012. Diabetes Care, 36: 1033-1046,
2013.
§
8 Do You Know the Health Risks of Being
Overweight? In National Institutes of Diabetes
and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (accessed April
2007).
§
9 The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The
Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care, 25(12): 2165-71,
2002.
§
10American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke
Statistics - 2006 Update. Dallas: American Heart Association,
2006.
§
11 Obesity Facts and Resources.
In Campaign to End Obesity (accessed September
2013).
§
12 Hoyert DL and Xu J. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011.
National Vital Statistics Reports, 61(6),
2012.
§
13 What are the Health Risks of Overweight and
Obesity? In National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute (accessed May 14, 2010).
§
14 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office
of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Physical Activity and Fitness - Improving Health,
Fitness, and Quality of Life through Daily Physical Activity. Prevention Report, 16(4): 1-15, 2002 (accessed May
2008).
§
15Kochanek KD, Xu J, Murphy SL, et al. Deaths:
Preliminary Data for 2009. National Vital Statistics Reports, 59(4),
2011.
§
16 Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ.
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort
of U.S. Adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(17): 1625-38,
2003.
§
17 Physical Activity and Cancer.
In National Cancer Institute (accessed April
2013).
§
18Friednenreich, CM et al. Inflammatory marker changes in
a yearlong randomized exercise intervention trial among postmenopausal women.
Cancer Prevention Research, 5(1): 98-108,
2012.
§
19 Beydoun et al. Obesity and Central Obesity as Risk
Factors for Incident Dementia and Its Subtypes: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis. Obesity Reviews, 9(3): 204-218,
2008.
§
20 Xu WL, Atti AR, Gatz M, et al. Midlife overweight and
obesity increases late-life dementia risk: A population-based twin study.
Neurology, 76(18): 1568-1574, 2011.
§
21 Petry NM, Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Wagner JA. Overweight
and Obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom
Med,70:288-97, 2008.
§
22 Petry NM, Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Wagner JA. Overweight
and Obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National
Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom
Med,70:288-97, 2008.
§
23 Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B, Cheskin LJ.
Association between Obesity and Kidney Disease. Kidney International, 73:
19-33, 2008.
§
24 Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B, Cheskin LJ.
Association between Obesity and Kidney Disease. Kidney International, 73:
19-33, 2008.
§
25 Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.
In National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)
(accessed March 2010).
§
26 Felson DT and Zhang Y. An Update on the Epidemiology
of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis with a View to Prevention. Arthritis and
Rheumatism, 41(8):1343-55, 1998.
§
27 NHIS Arthritis Surveillance.
In U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (accessed June
2008).
§
28 Messier SP, Gutekunst DJ, Davis C, deVita P. Weight
loss reduces knee-joint loads in overweight and obese older adults with knee
osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum, 52(7): 2026-32,
2005.
§
29 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
State-specific prevalence of no leisure time physical activity among adults with
and without doctor-diagnosed arthritis. MMWR, 60(48): 1641-1645,
2011.
§
30 Crum-Cianflone NF, Roediger M, Eberly LE, et al.
Obesity among HIV-infected Persons: Impact of Weight on CD4 Cell Count.
AIDS (epub ahead of print): 2010.
§
31 Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of
obesity and trends in body mass index among us children and adolescents,
1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(5):483-490,
2012.
§
32Spalding KL, Arner E, Westermark PO, et al. Dynamics of
Fat Cell Turnover in Humans. Nature, 453(7196): 783-7,
2008.
§
33 Wang LY, Chyen D, Lee S, et al. The Association
Between Body Mass Index in Adolescence and Obesity in Adulthood. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 42(5): 512-518, 2008.
§
34Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz
WH. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Excess Adiposity among Overweight Children
and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1):
12-17, 2007.
§
35Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz
WH. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Excess Adiposity among Overweight Children
and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1):
12-17, 2007.
§
36 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Levels Among Youths - United States, 1999-2006.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(2): 29-33,
2010.
§
37 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Levels Among Youths - United States, 1999-2006.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(2): 29-33,
2010.
§
38Gilliland F, Berhane K, Islam t, et al. Obesity and the
Risk of Newly Diagnosed Asthma in School-Age Children. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 158(5): 406-15, 2003.
§
39 Liu PC, Kieckhefer GM, Gau BS. A systematic review of
the association between obesity and asthma in children. J Adv Nurs, doi:
10.1111/jan.12129, 2013.
§
40 Redline S, Tishler P, Schluchter M, et al. Risk
Factors for Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children: Associations with Obesity,
Race and Respiratory Problems. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical
Care Medicine, 159(5): 1527-32, 1999.
§
41 Trust for America's Health. Healthy Women: The Path
to Healthy Babies: The Case for Preconception Care. Washington, D.C.: TFAH,
2008.
§
42 Maternal and Infant Health Research: Pregnancy
Complications. In U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (accessed March 2011).
§
43 Haeri S, Guichard I, Baker AM, et al. The Effect of
Teenage Maternal Obesity on Perinatal Outcomes. Obstetrics &
Gynecology, 113(2): 300-4, 2009.
§
44 Chu SY, Bachman DJ, Callaghan WM, et al. Association
Between Obesity During Pregnancy and Increased Use of Healthcare. New England
Journal of Medicine, 358(14): 1444-53,
2008.
§
45 Chu SY, Bachman DJ, Callaghan WM, et al. Association
Between Obesity During Pregnancy and Increased Use of Healthcare. New England
Journal of Medicine, 358(14): 1444-53,
2008.
§